Electronic visa
![]() | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (September 2023) |
![](http://up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Saudi_eVisa.jpg/250px-Saudi_eVisa.jpg)
An electronic visa (E-Visa) and an electronic travel authorization (ETA, also styled eTA) are digital travel permits commonly required in conjunction with a valid passport for entry into specific jurisdictions. These electronic travel documents have gained prominence in the modern era of digital connectivity and streamlined travel processes.
Background
[edit]Beginning in the 2000s many countries introduced e-visas and electronic travel authorisations (ETAs) as an alternative to traditional visas. An ETA is a kind of pre-arrival registration, which may or may not be officially classified as a visa depending on the issuing jurisdiction, required for foreign travellers who are exempted from obtaining a full visa. In contrast to the procedures that typically apply in regard to proper visas, per which the traveller normally has no recourse if rejected, if an ETA is rejected the traveller can choose to apply for a visa instead. In contrast, an e-visa is simply a visa that travellers can apply for and receive online without visiting the issuing state's consular mission or visa agency.
Differences Between eVisa and eTA
[edit]![]() | This article possibly contains original research. (February 2024) |
Electronic Visa (eVisa) and Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) are digital travel documents that enable travelers to gain entry into foreign countries. Despite their apparent similarities, these two forms of travel authorization exhibit notable distinctions:
- It is crucial to clarify that an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) should not be confused with a traditional visa. These documents serve distinct purposes and have varying eligibility criteria.[citation needed]
- eTAs are legally not a kind of visa, and are generally limited to travelers hailing from countries that have entered into a Visa Waiver Program with the destination country, while eVisas are typically available to a broader spectrum of countries and territories. Travellers are still able to apply for a visa if an eTA is rejected.[citation needed]
Issuing
[edit]- eTAs are usually assessed automatically within an hour. eTAs can usually be submitted without needing further documents.[1]
- e-Visas are usually assessed manually which often takes several days. Furthermore, documents such as invitation from a host is usually needed.
- These rules aren't strict, and eTAs are often assessed manually in certain cases, which will cause delayed approval.
Limit and validity
[edit]- The differences between eVisas and eTAs extend to the duration of their validity and the constraints they impose on travel.[citation needed]
- eVisas typically carry a validity period ranging from 30 to 60 days, making them suitable for relatively short-term visits.[citation needed]
- Conversely, eTAs are often granted more extended periods of validity, allowing for greater flexibility in planning multiple visits over time.[citation needed]
Multiple entries
[edit]- Another pivotal distinction lies in the number of entries permitted by these travel documents.[citation needed]
- eTAs frequently enable travelers to make multiple entries into the destination country during the document's validity period, catering to those with recurring travel needs.[citation needed]
- Conversely, eVisas are conventionally designed for single-entry use, meaning travelers can enter the country only once during the visa's validity.[citation needed] eVisas, like conventional visas can normally also be multiple-entry if there is a need, such as business related or having family members there.
Usage
[edit]The following jurisdictions require certain categories of international travellers to hold an ETA or e-visa to clear border controls upon arrival, if they don't need a visa:
- Australia: Australia administers two distinct categories of ETA. The Electronic Travel Authority scheme is available to citizens of a variety of North America and Asian countries while the eVisitor scheme provides a similar facility for nationals of the European Union and the European Economic Area.
- Electronic Travel Authority: Development of the Electronic Travel Authority system commenced in January 1996. It was first implemented in Singapore on a trial basis on 11 September 1996, for holders of Singaporean and American passports travelling on Qantas and Singapore Airlines. Implementation of online applications began in June 2001.[2][3] The current ETA came into effect on 23 March 2013 replacing older ETAs (subclass 976, 977 and 956) while offering a single authorisation for both tourist and business purposes.[4] The ETA allows the holder to visit Australia for unlimited times, up to 3 months per visit, in a 12-month period for tourism or business purposes. There is no visa application charge but a service charge of AU$20 applies for applications lodged online. At the time of travel to, and entry into, Australia, all holders of an ETA must be free from tuberculosis and must not have any criminal convictions for which the sentence or sentences (whether served or not) total 12 months or more.[5] The ETA is currently available to passport holders of a handful of jurisdictions in Asia and North America.[a]
- eVisitor programme: The eVisitor scheme was established to create a reciprocal short stay travel arrangement for nationals of Australia and the European Union, while still maintaining Australia's universal visa system. In essence, while nationals of the European Union and European Economic Area are still theoretically issued visas, the burden posed by the system is so minimal as to satisfy the EU's requirement for visa reciprocity on the part of states whose nationals are accorded visa free access to the Schengen Area.[7][8] The eVisitor is available to citizens of all 27 European Union member states and 9 other countries. The eVisitor is issued free of charge and allows the holder to visit Australia for unlimited times, up to 3 months per visit, in a 12-month period for tourism or business purposes. At the time of travel to, and entry into, Australia, all holders of an eVisitor must be free from tuberculosis and must not have any criminal convictions for which the sentence or sentences (whether served or not) total 12 months or more.[7] Holders of most jurisdictions[b] in Western Europe are eligible to enter Australia under the eVisitor programme.
- East African Community: From February 2014, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda issue an East African Tourist Visa.[10] The visa costs 100 USD and has no restrictions on nationality. It is a non-extendable multiple-entry 90-day visa that has to be first used to enter the country that issued it. Like traditional visas, it will be assessed manually and requires some documents such as return ticket and vaccination certificate.[11]
- Hong Kong: Indian nationals and Taiwanese nationals from the areas administered by the Republic of China[c] as formal international travel. There are arrangements exist for travel between territories controlled by the Republic of China and territories controlled by the People's Republic of China. [d] do not require a visa to enter Hong Kong, but must apply for a pre-arrival registration (PAR) prior to arrival. If not successful, Indian travellers may apply for a visa instead. Taiwanese people are eligible only if they were born in Taiwan or entered Hong Kong as an ROC nationals before, otherwise they should instead apply for an entry permit (a de facto visa) to enter Hong Kong using their Republic of China passport. They may alternatively enter Hong Kong using a Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents issued by mainland Chinese authorities without any additional permit.
- India: India permits nationals of most jurisdictions[e] to clear border controls using an e-visa. Travellers holding an e-Visa must arrive via 26 designated airports[f] or 3 designated seaports.[g]
- Kenya: From 1 January 2021, Kenya solely issues e-visas and physical visas are no longer available.[13] Kenya issues both "East African Tourist Visa" and "Electronic Travel Authorisation (eTA)". Both will involve manual assessment which takes around three days, and requires some documents such as return ticket and vaccination certificate.[14] The eTA can be single-entry or multiple-entry.
- New Zealand: New Zealand has required that visa waiver travellers (other than citizens of Australia, members of a visiting force, or individuals associated with a scientific programme or expedition in Antarctica sponsored by a party to the Antarctic Treaty) obtain an Electronic Travel Authority (NZeTA) since 1 October 2019.[15]
- Canada: Travellers from visa-free countries entering Canada by air, except American nationals (including those with and without full citizenship), French citizens arriving from Saint Pierre and Miquelon and holders of United States Permanent Residence cards, must obtain an ETA prior to arrival but not if arriving by land or sea. Travellers from 14 other countries normally require a visa to enter Canada, but are eligible to apply for an ETA for entry by air if they have held a Canadian visa within the 10 years prior to applying or if they currently hold a valid non-immigrant American visa.[h] Such travellers must still have a valid Canadian visa to enter by land or sea.
- United States: Travellers under the Visa Waiver Program are required to obtain permission through the Electronic System for Travel Authorisation (ESTA) if arriving in America by any mode of transportation as of 2023. Travellers using a passport issued by the Government of Bermuda to a British Overseas Territories Citizen, entering as a Canadian citizen, or entering under other visa exemption arrangements (such as the Compact of Free Association) are not required to hold an ESTA clearance.
- Pakistan: Visitors from several jurisdictions may enter Pakistan for tourism without obtaining a visa in advance provided they hold an ETA.[i]
- Seychelles: All visitor from Seychelles (except
Kosovo) does not require a visa. However, they need SEBS (Seychelles Electronic Border System). It must need to be fulfilled 30 days before the entry, and pay a fee. Travellers of all ages need to do that, while Seychellois citizens and permanent residents still need the Embarkation Information Form.[18]
- South Korea: eligible visa-free visitors must obtain Korea Electronic Travel Authorization (K-ETA).
- Sri Lanka: Travellers to Sri Lanka must obtain an ETA prior to getting a visa on arrival at the entry port, except for a few countries where the ETA is exempted, and for a few countries where a visa must obtained in advance. Citizens of India, Pakistan, and other countries in the northwestern part of Asia receive discounted ETAs.[19]
- Qatar: From 27 September 2017, citizens of all nationalities who hold valid residence permits or visas from either Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the Schengen countries, the United Kingdom, the United States of America or the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council can obtain an ETA for up to 30 days. The authorization may be extended online for 30 additional days.[20] Qatar introduced an e-Visa system on 23 June 2017. All countries except
Egypt,
Israel,
Kosovo and
Palestine that do not qualify for visa on arrival or visa free entry may apply for a tourist visa online through the eVisa system.[21] Visas are issued within four working days if all documents are submitted and are valid for a stay period up to 30 days in Qatar.[22]
- United Kingdom: Citizens of Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the UAE can obtain an Electronic Visa Waiver, or EVW, online to enter the United Kingdom.[j][23] The Nationality and Borders Bill, before the parliament in Spring 2022, includes a proposal to introduce the Electronic Travel Authorisation system for all non-UK and Irish citizens.[24][25]
![](http://up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/ETAs_and_eVisas.svg/660px-ETAs_and_eVisas.svg.png)
An electronic visa (e-Visa or eVisa) or Electronic travel authorization (or ETA) is stored in a computer and is linked to the passport number so no label, sticker, or stamp is placed in the passport before travel. The application is done over the internet, and the receipt acts as a visa, which can be printed or stored on a mobile device.
These lists are not exhaustive. Some countries may have more detailed classifications of some of these categories reflecting the nuances of their respective geographies, social conditions, economies, international treaties, etc.
Country | Mode | Universal eligibility | VoA alternative | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Pre-approval | X | X | [26] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | X | [27] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | ✓ | [28] |
![]() |
eVisa (called ETA) | X | X | [29] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | X | [30] |
![]() |
ETA | X | X | [31] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | partial | [32] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | partial | [33] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | X | [34] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | ✓ | [35] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | ✓ | [36] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | partial | [37] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | partial | [38] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | partial | [39] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | X | [40] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | X | [41] |
![]() |
Pre-approval | ✓ | ✓ | [42] |
![]() |
ETA/eVisa | ✓ | X | [43][44] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | partial | [45] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | ✓ | [46] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | X | [47] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | ✓ | [48] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | ✓ | [49] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | ✓ | [50] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | partial | [51] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | ✓ | [52] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | X | [53] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | ✓ | [54] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | ✓ | [55] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | ✓ | [56][57] |
![]() |
ETA | X | X | [58] |
![]() |
Pre-approval | X | partial | [59] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | X | [60] |
![]() |
eVisa/ETA | X | partial | [61] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | partial | [62] |
![]() |
ETA | X | X | [63] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | partial | [64] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | ✓ | [65] |
![]() |
ETA | X | X | [66] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | ✓ | [67] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | ✓ | |
![]() |
eVisa | X | X | [68] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | ✓ | [69] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | X | [70] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | X | [71] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | X | [72] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | ✓ | [73] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | X | [74] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | X | [75] |
![]() |
ETA | X | ✓ | [76] |
![]() |
ETA | ✓ | X | [77] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | X | [78] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | partial | [79] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | X | [80] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | ✓ | [81] |
![]() |
eVisa/Pre-approval | X | ✓ | [82]/[83] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | X | [84] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | ✓ | [85] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | X | [86] |
![]() |
EVW | X | X | [87] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | X | [88] |
![]() |
eVisa | X | X | [89] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | partial | [90] |
![]() |
eVisa | ✓ | partial | [91] |
Russia maintains an eVisa program for visitors from certain countries arriving to Russian Far East, Saint Petersburg, Leningrad Region and Kaliningrad Region.[92] And will introduce a single electronic visa from 1 January 2021.[93]
Future introduction
[edit]Authorities of Brazil,[94] Belarus,[95] Chad,[96] Republic of the Congo,[97] Democratic Republic of the Congo,[98] Equatorial Guinea,[99] Ghana,[100] Kazakhstan,[101] Liberia,[102] South Africa,[103] and Tunisia[104] have announced plans to introduce electronic visas in the future.
The European Union is planning to introduce the European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) for visa-exempt nationals intending to come to the European Union or the Schengen Area (including EFTA countries) from 2024. For non-visa-exempt nationals, the EU plans to introduce a unified digital visa system starting in 2026.[105]
The United Kingdom is rolling out eVisas to replace all physical immigration documents, such as biometric residence permits and visa vignettes on passports. The process was started in 2024, with most visas going electronic in 2025 [106] As this will only apply to visa-required visitors, this is separate to the established ETA system for visa-waived visitors.
The United States Department of State's Bureau of Consular Affairs is currently developing and trialling an electronic visa system called Digital Visa Authorization (DVA), envisioned to eventually replace traditional sticker visas on passports. In 2023, this was trialled with K-1 visas issued at the Embassy of the United States, Dublin, Ireland.[107] As this will only apply to visa-required visitors, this is separate to the established ESTA system for visa-waived visitors.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Eligible jurisdictions are:[6]
- ^ Holders of the following passports are eligible:[9]
- ^ The area under the definition consists of:
- Taiwan (Chinese: 台灣)
- Penghu (Chinese: 澎湖)
- Kinmen (Chinese: 金門; pinyin: Jīnmén)
- Matsu Islands (Chinese: 馬祖列島; pinyin: Mǎzǔ Lièdǎo)
- Other nearby islands
- ^ Documents required for travel between the PRC and ROC are:
- The Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents (simplified Chinese: 台胞证; traditional Chinese: 臺胞證; pinyin: Táibāozhèng) issued by the PRC for entry to the mainland, which is also valid but not mandatory for entry to Hong Kong and Macau
- The Taiwan Entry Permit (Chinese: 入臺證; pinyin: Rùtáizhèngg) issued to mainlanders by the ROC
- The Kinmen-Matsu Permit (traditional Chinese: 金馬證; simplified Chinese: 金马证; pinyin: JīnMǎ zhèng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kim-Má-chèng) issued to residents of Kinmen and Matsu (ROC-administered territories in Fujian as well as Penghu for travel to and from the mainland.
- ^ This includes nationals of:[12]
Afghanistan
Albania
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Barbados
Belarus
Belize
Benin
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chile
Colombia
Comoros
Costa Rica
Cuba
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
East Timor
Ecuador
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Eswatini
Fiji
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Ghana
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Iceland
Israel
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kenya
Kiribati
Laos
Lesotho
Liberia
Liechtenstein
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Marshall Islands
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
North Macedonia
Norway
Oman
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Russia
Rwanda
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Solomon Islands
South Africa
South Korea
Suriname
Switzerland
Taiwan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United States
Uruguay
Vanuatu
Vatican City
Venezuela
Vietnam
Zambia
Zimbabwe
- ^
- ^
- ^ Eligible jurisdictions are:[16]
- ^ Eligible jurisdictions are as follows:[17]
- ^ A holder of an EVW authorisation can visit and/or study in the UK for up to 6 months without a visa. An EVW is only valid for one entry, and a new EVW must be obtained each time an eligible person wishes to enter the UK to visit and/or study for up to 6 months without a visa. The EVW is valid for visits up to 90 days to Ireland once a holder has cleared immigration in the United Kingdom.
References
[edit]- ^ The Henley Passport Index – Methodology
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- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for Electronic Travel Authority (subclass 601)". Australian Embassy, Republic of Korea. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
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- ^ CONSULATE GENERAL IN HONG KONG
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- ^ "Ethiopian eVISA". www.evisa.gov.et.
- ^ "Gabon e-Visa". Direction Générale de la Documentation et de l'Immigration.
- ^ "Georgia e-VISA Portal". www.evisa.gov.ge.
- ^ "Guinea Visa". www.paf.gov.gn.
- ^ "Electronic Visa Application System - Guinea Bissau". www.rgb-visa.com. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ^ "Pre-arrival Registration for Indian Nationals | Immigration Department". www.immd.gov.hk.
- ^ "Online Application for Entry for Visit / Transit in Hong Kong". GovHK. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
- ^ "Indian e-Visa". indianvisaonline.gov.in.
- ^ "IR-IRAN Electronic Visa (Iran eVisa) Application - Ministry of Foreign Affairs". e_visa.mfa.ir.
- ^ "Energie – SNEDAI GROUPE". www.snedai.com. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
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- ^ "evisa.go.ke - Republic of Kenya Electronic Visa System". evisa.go.ke.
- ^ "You are being redirected..." evisa.moi.gov.kw.
- ^ "e-VISA". evisa.e-gov.kg.
- ^ "Lao Visa Online | Lao eVisa Authorization Application".
- ^ "visa lesotho tourism documents travel evisalesotho.com". Lesotho E-Visa. 24 December 2014.
- ^ "eVisa | Welcome to the eService of Tourism, Immigration and Emigration". www.evisamada.gov.mg. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ^ "Malawi e-Visa System | Malawi Visa Online | The Official e-Visa Application Portal of Malawi | Department of Immigration and Citizenship Services". evisa.gov.mw.
- ^ "Official Malaysia Visa". www.windowmalaysia.my. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
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- ^ Migración, Instituto Nacional de. "Sistema de Autorización Electrónica (SAE)". gob.mx.
- ^ "Mongolia Immigration Agency". gov.mn.
- ^ "Montserrat Online Visa Application :: Government of Montserrat :: Home". www.immigration.ms.
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- ^ Myanmar eVisa, Ministry of Immigration and Population
- ^ "Information about: NZeTA | Immigration New Zealand". www.immigration.govt.nz. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ "The Nigeria Immigration Service". portal.immigration.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ^ "Home - Evisa". evisa.rop.gov.om.
- ^ "Pakistan Online Visa System - Government of Pakistan".
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- ^ "Russia to offer simplified E-Visas to 53 countries, including Nordic neighbours". The Independent Barents Observer. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
- ^ "HOME". www.migration.gov.rw. Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ^ "St. Helena eVisa - Welcome to St. Helena E-Visa Application". evisa.sainthelena.gov.sh. Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
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- ^ "Tanzania eVisa - Welcome". eservices.immigration.go.tz.
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- ^ "VisaClient2".
- ^ "Vietnam evisa - National portal on Immigration". Vietnam Immigration Department.
- ^ "e-Services | Zambia Immigration Department". evisa.zambiaimmigration.gov.zm.
- ^ "eVisa Zimbabwe". www.evisa.gov.zw.
- ^ "E-visa". electronic-visa.kdmid.ru.
- ^ "Госдума ввела электронные визы для въезда в РФ". Российская газета (in Russian). 21 July 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
- ^ "eVisa".
- ^ "Belarus MFA suggests introducing e-visas for nationals of third countries". eng.belta.by. 25 July 2019.
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