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Cobimetinib

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Cobimetinib
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ˌkoʊbɪˈmɛtɪnɪb/ KOH-bim-ET-i-nib
Trade namesCotellic
Other namesGDC-0973, XL-518
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa615057
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth[2]
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailabilityreported from 28%[6] to 46%[2]
Protein binding95%[2]
MetabolismIntestinal and low Liver clearance (mostly CYP3A4 oxidation and UGT2B7 glucuronidation)[2][6]
Elimination half-life44 hours (mean)[2]
ExcretionFeces (76–77%), urine (17.9–18%) (after oral and IV administration)[2][7]
Identifiers
  • (S)-[3,4-Difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)phenyl] [3-hydroxy-3-(piperidin-2-yl)azetidin-1-yl] methanone
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC21H21F3IN3O2
Molar mass531.318 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C1CCN[C@@H](C1)C2(CN(C2)C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3)F)F)NC4=C(C=C(C=C4)I)F)O
  • InChI=1S/C21H21F3IN3O2/c22-14-6-5-13(19(18(14)24)27-16-7-4-12(25)9-15(16)23)20(29)28-10-21(30,11-28)17-3-1-2-8-26-17/h4-7,9,17,26-27,30H,1-3,8,10-11H2/t17-/m0/s1
  • Key:BSMCAPRUBJMWDF-KRWDZBQOSA-N

Cobimetinib, sold under the brand name Cotellic, is an anti-cancer medication used to treat melanoma and histiocytic neoplasms.[2][8] Cobimetinib is a MEK inhibitor.[2] Cobimetinib is marketed by Genentech.[2]

The most common side effects include diarrhea, rash, nausea (feeling sick), vomiting, pyrexia (fever), photosensitivity (light sensitivity) reaction, abnormal results for certain liver function tests (increased levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase) and abnormal results for an enzyme related to muscle breakdown (creatine phosphokinase).[5]

Cobimetinib was approved for medical use in the United States in November 2015.[9][10][11]

Medical use

[edit]

In the United Stated, cobimetinib is indicated for the treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation, in combination with vemurafenib.[2] It is also indicated for the treatment of adults with histiocytic neoplasms.[2]

In the European Union, cobimetinib is indicated for use in combination with vemurafenib for the treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation.[5]

Adverse effects

[edit]

Common adverse effects observed in cobimetinib and vemurafenib co-treated persons in clinical trials included diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, rash, photosensitivity, and pyrexia.[12]

History

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Cobimetinib was granted orphan drug designation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for malignant melanoma with BRAFV600 mutation in 2014,[13] and for histiocytic neoplasms in 2021.[14]

In phase III clinical trials, the combination of cobimetinib and vemurafenib was tested in participants with BRAFV600-mutated metastatic melanoma, which resulted in significant improvement in progression-free survival in participants, but also produced some increase in toxicity. The combination increased progression-free survival to an average of 12.3 months, compared to 7.2 months for vemurafenib alone. This clinical data also showed that the combination treatment resulted in 65% survival rate of participants 17 months after beginning the treatment, increased rates from the 50% of participants on vemurafenib treatment alone. Adding cobimetinib also increased the median overall survival to 25.6 months, compared to the 18 months for vemurafenib alone.[15][12]

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved cobimetinib based on evidence from one clinical trial of 495 participants with melanoma containing the BRAF V600 mutation that was advanced or could not be removed by surgery. The trial was conducted at 133 sites in 19 countries including those in North America, Europe, and Australia.[10]

Research

[edit]

Pre-clinical investigation suggests that combined use of cobimetinib with PI3K inhibition might boost the anti-cancer effects of cobimetinib.[16][17]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Products". guildlink.com.au.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Cotellic- cobimetinib tablet, film coated". DailyMed. 5 November 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  3. ^ "Prescription medicines: registration of new chemical entities in Australia, 2016". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  4. ^ "Health Canada New Drug Authorizations: 2016 Highlights". Health Canada. 14 March 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  5. ^ a b c "Cotellic EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2021. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
  6. ^ a b Takahashi RH, Choo EF, Ma S, Wong S, Halladay J, Deng Y, et al. (January 2016). "Absorption, Metabolism, Excretion, and the Contribution of Intestinal Metabolism to the Oral Disposition of [14C]Cobimetinib, a MEK Inhibitor, in Humans". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 44 (1): 28–39. doi:10.1124/dmd.115.066282. PMID 26451002.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link)
  7. ^ Choo E, Takahashi R, Rooney I, Gates M, Deng A, Musib L (30 January 2014). "Abstract B160: Assessing Human Absorption, Metabolism, Routes of Excretion and the Contribution of Intestinal Metabolism to the Oral Clearance of Cobimetinib, a MEK Inhibitor". Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. 12 (11 Supplement): B160. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-13-B160.
  8. ^ "Tecentriq- atezolizumab injection, solution". DailyMed. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  9. ^ "Cotellic (cobimetinib) tablet". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 8 December 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  10. ^ a b "Drug Trials Snapshots: Cotellic". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 30 July 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  11. ^ "FDA approves Cotellic as part of combination treatment for advanced melanoma". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 10 November 2015. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  12. ^ a b Larkin J, Ascierto PA, Dréno B, Atkinson V, Liszkay G, Maio M, et al. (November 2014). "Combined vemurafenib and cobimetinib in BRAF-mutated melanoma". The New England Journal of Medicine. 371 (20): 1867–1876. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1408868. hdl:10668/2159. PMID 25265494.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link)
  13. ^ "Cobimetinib Orphan Drug Designations and Approvals". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 31 January 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  14. ^ "Cobimetinib Orphan Drug Designations and Approvals". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 26 April 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  15. ^ Staton T (11 November 2015). "Ready to rumble, Novartis? Roche targets melanoma-fighting combo market with new FDA nod". FiercePharma. FierceMarkets. Questex. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  16. ^ Heavey S, Cuffe S, Finn S, Young V, Ryan R, Nicholson S, et al. (November 2016). "In pursuit of synergy: An investigation of the PI3K/mTOR/MEK co-targeted inhibition strategy in NSCLC". Oncotarget. 7 (48): 79526–79543. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.12755. PMC 5346733. PMID 27765909.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link)
  17. ^ Heavey S, O'Byrne KJ, Gately K (April 2014). "Strategies for co-targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in NSCLC". Cancer Treatment Reviews. 40 (3): 445–456. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.08.006. PMID 24055012.
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