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Cadastral community

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A cadastral community[1][2] (or cadastre community,[3] cadastral [or cadastre] municipality,[4][5][6] cadastral [or cadastre] commune,[7][8] cadastral [or cadastre] unit,[7] cadastral [or cadastre] district,[9][10] cadastral [or cadastre] area,[7] cadastral [or cadastre] territory[7]) is a cadastral subdivision of municipalities in the nations of Austria,[11] Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,[5][12] the Czech Republic,[13] Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,[2][4] the Netherlands, and the Italian provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino, Gorizia and Trieste. A cadastral community records property ownership in a cadastre, which is a register describing property ownership by boundary lines of the real estate.

The common etymology in the Central European successor states of the Habsburg monarchy comes from German: Katastralgemeinde (KG; literally "cadastral municipality" or "cadastral community"), plural: Katastralgemeinden,[5][11] translated as Italian: comune censuario or comune catastale, Slovene: katastralna občina, Croatian: katastarska općina. In Czech and Slovak, the historical name (Czech: katastrální obec, Slovak: katastrálna obec, literally "cadastral municipality/community") was changed to Czech: katastrální území and Slovak: katastrálne územie (literally "cadastral area" or "cadastral territory") in 1928 and today, on official websites, it is usually translated to English by the (misleading) terms "cadastral unit" in Czechia and "cadastral district" in Slovakia. In what is today Hungary, the concept and term (Hungarian: kataszteri község) existed only in the past.

History

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Cadastral map of Roznberk in present-day Brno-Chrlice

In 1764, at the behest of Empress Maria Theresa, a complete survey of the Habsburg lands was begun,[14] initiated by the general staff of the Imperial and Royal Army under Field Marshal Count Leopold Joseph von Daun, who had become aware of the lack of reliable maps in the Seven Years' War. Maria Theresa's son Emperor Joseph II ordered the implication of a complete urbarium for property tax purposes in 1785. The present-day cadastre was completed after the Napoleonic Wars from 1817 onwards under Emperor Francis I of Austria (Franziszeischer Kataster). Since then, the Austrian (i.e. Cisleithanian) crown lands were subdivided in Katastralgemeinden; surveying in the Hungarian (Transleithanian) lands started in 1850. Municipalities as administrative subdivisions with certain rights of self-governance were not established until after the 1848 revolutions.

Most of the nowadays Katastralgemeinden once had been independent communes and were incorporated on the occasion of a municipal territory reforms. They can be further divided into smaller villages and localities (Ortschaften). There were 7,847 Katastralgemeinden in Austria in 2014. For land registration, the unit identifier used in a Katastralgemeinde is "KG-Nr" (KG-Nummer, or number).[11]

The Dutch system of kadastrale gemeenten was set up around 1830. When municipalities are merged, often the cadastral communes remain as they were, so one civil municipality can consist of more than one cadastral commune; but again, a cadastral commune can never be part of more than one civil municipality.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ European Commission. National Experts Group on Archives, Council of the European Union (2005). Report on archives in the enlarged European Union: increased archival cooperation in Europe : action plan. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. p. 97. ISBN 9279008706. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
  2. ^ a b Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia. Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. 2008. p. 33. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
  3. ^ Wright, W.E. (1966). Serf, Seigneur, and Sovereign: Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth-Century Bohemia. University of Minnesota Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-8166-5893-0. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  4. ^ a b Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts Geography Institute (1997). Geografski zbornik: Acta geographica. Vol. 37–39. Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts. p. 18. Retrieved 2012-06-07. In Slovenia, there are just under 2700 cadastral municipalities, enough for the essential characteristics of land use in Slovenia to be reflected in the ratios between land categories.
  5. ^ a b c Adam Jolly, ed. (2006). Professional Property Briefing: Croatia. GMB Publishing Ltd. p. 38. ISBN 1846730015. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
  6. ^ Bardhan, A.; Edelstein, R.H.; Kroll, C.A. (2011). Global Housing Markets: Crises, Policies, and Institutions. Robert W. Kolb Series. Wiley. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-470-64714-1. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  7. ^ a b c d Problémy s překladem termínu „katastrální území“ do angličtiny. in: Geodetický a kartografický Obzor. Český úřad zeměměřický a katastrální, Úrad geodézie, kartografie a katastra Slovenskej republiky. 3, March 2015. p. 66, 67
  8. ^ Jordan, P.; Mácha, P.; Balode, M.; Krtička, L.; Obrusník, U.; Pilch, P.; Reinoso, A.S. (2021). Place-Name Politics in Multilingual Areas: A Comparative Study of Southern Carinthia (Austria) and the Těšín/Cieszyn Region (Czechia). Palgrave Studies in Minority Languages and Communities (in Latin). Springer International Publishing. p. 591. ISBN 978-3-030-69488-3. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  9. ^ ESKN Portal - English version, accessed Oct. 10, 2023
  10. ^ Jarmila Lazíková, Anna Bandlerová, Ivan Takáč, Ľubica Rumanovská, Oľga Roháčiková, Zuzana Lazíková. Agricultural land protection - the case of Slovakia. Economy & Business. ISSN 1314-7242, Volume 13, 2019. Journal of International Scientific Publications [1]
  11. ^ a b c Cadastral Template for Austria, web-page: CT-AT Archived 2009-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Boc, Krunoslav (March 2009). "Creating Digital Cadastre Maps and their Comparison with the Written Part of the Land Operator". Geodetski List (in Croatian). 63 (86) (1). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Geodetic Society: 39–53. ISSN 0016-710X. Retrieved 2012-06-07. ukupno 3364 [katastarskih općina], koliko ih ima u Republici Hrvatskoj
  13. ^ Cadastral Template for Czech Republic), web-page: CT-CZ Archived 2009-05-08 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Votruba, Martin. "Maria Theresa's Urbarium". Slovak Studies Program. University of Pittsburgh. Archived from the original on 2015-02-23. Retrieved 2015-05-05.
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