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Brookmere
Locality
Residences, Brookmere, 2010
Residences, Brookmere, 2010
Brookmere is located in British Columbia
Brookmere
Brookmere
Coordinates: 49°49′04″N 120°52′34″W / 49.81778°N 120.87611°W / 49.81778; -120.87611
Country Canada
Province British Columbia
RegionNicola Country
Regional DistrictThompson-Nicola
Time zoneUTC-8 (PST)
Area codes250, 778, 236, & 672
Highwaysoff Highway 5

Brookmere is an unincorporated community adjacent to Brook Creek in the Nicola region of south central British Columbia, Canada.[1][2] On Coldwater Rd (exit 256 from the Coquihalla Highway), the former railway hamlet is by road about 44 kilometres (27 mi) south of Merritt.

Township plans

[edit]

The immediate area was known as Otter Summit,[3] deriving from Spearing Creek (formerly called the west arm of Otter Creek).[1] In late September 1911, the eastward advance of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) rail head reached the location in a step toward ultimately connecting with the westward advancing Kettle Valley Railway (KV), a CP subsidiary.[4][5] By the next year, trains operated as far east as this point,[6] which became the new base for the Nicola Branch crews.[7]

Blueprint of Brookmere, 1949




















The Vancouver, Victoria and Eastern Railway (VV&E), a Great Northern Railway (GN) subsidiary, was equally expected to pass in close proximity. In the surrounding area, 3,400 hectares (8,500 acres) of lumber were available for harvest. Louis Henry Brooks, who owned the land at the summit, partnered with the KV to market a township to be called Brooksville, which would comprise 360 lots.[8] The earliest newspaper mention of that name was December 1911.[9]

By 1915, L.H. Brooks had sold his ranch house and relocated to 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Canyon House (Thalia) along the railway line, where he was developing a new ranch.[10] However, he unexpectedly died the following year.[11]

Railway

[edit]
Brookmere Station, 1919

In November 1913, CP and GN signed the Coquihalla Agreement, whereby CP would build and maintain the Coquihalla line, but GN would receive running rights.[12] In early 1914, they signed the Tulameen Agreement, whereby GN would be responsible for Princeton–Brookmere, upon which CP would have running rights,[13] as agreed in 1912.[14] In late October 1914, in a brief informal ceremony at Brookmere, Louis Hill drove the last spike for the VV&E line connection.[15]

The earliest newspaper mention of the station name change from Otter Summit to Brookmere was May 1915,[16] but the former name remained in general use during that year.[17] When scheduled CP service via Brookmere and Spences Bridge to the coast began in June 1915,[18] GN handed over all general freight and passenger services northwest of Princeton to the KV.[19]

In 1916, the KV erected a station, small workshop, and three-stall roundhouse.[20] The 21-metre (70 ft) turntable, originally hand operated, was later rotated by compressed air.[21] The rail yard was designed for joint KV and GN use. The station building was in the middle of the yard instead of at one side, and the water tower had two spouts instead of the usual one. However, GN chose to never operate at Brookmere.[22] The next year, fire destroyed the station and dining facility.[23]

In July 1926, the freight divisional point moved from Hope to Brookmere, followed by the passenger one in February 1931.[24] The isolation and long, cold winters with abundant snow caused railway employees to disparagingly refer to the place as "Siberia".[25]

Rear of roundhouse, rail yard, station, and water tower, Brookmere, 1924

The station was busiest during World War II, when the sizeable volumes of traffic originally projected for the railway became a reality for a several years.[26]

GN never commercially used the Coquihalla leg,[27] yet had paid CP $150,000 annually since 1916, whereas CP had paid GN $60,000 annually for actual use of the Tulameen leg. In 1944–45, to end such payments, GN paid $4,500,000 to CP to terminate the Coquihalla Agreement. In turn, CP paid GN $1,500,000 to terminate the Tulameen Agreement and acquired that leg.[28][29]

In October 1957, mixed train passenger service to Spences Bridge ended. When the Coquihalla route closed in late 1959, long distance passenger trains diverted via Merritt.[30]

In January 1964, passenger service ended on the line.[31] In 1966, the freight crew base moved to Merrit.[19]

In 1979, Jack and Katie Murphy, who had acquired the rail yard, purchased and relocated the boarded up station onto the former engine house foundation, where they remodelled the interior into a modern duplex.[26]

In 1986, fire destroyed the former station building.[22] The next year, Jack Murphy rolled the water tower 15 metres (50 ft) northward onto his property. The double-spouted structure is believed to be one of only two left in North America.[32] In 1989, a caboose donated by the Nicola Valley Museum and Archives in Merritt was railed to Brookmere to join the water tower.[33] That May, CP ran the final freight train through Brookmere.[19]

Passenger excursion, Brookmere, 1983

In 1991, 83 former railway employees, a few former pipeline employees, friends, and families, made up a total of about 150 for a weekend reunion at Brookmere. The remainder of the abandoned track southeast of Spences Bridges had been lifted two weeks earlier.[34]

In 2000, this stretch of the Kettle Valley Rail Trail segment of the Trans Canada Trail opened along the former railway right-of-way.[35]

In 2015, the annual railway reunions were discontinued.[36]

CP Train Timetables (Regular stop or Flag stop)
Mile 1916 1919 1929 1932 1935 1939 1943 1948 1954 1959
[37] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [37] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46]
Coquihalla 126.1 Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. 0a Reg. Both Flag Flag
Juliet 118.1 Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Brodie 112.4 Reg. Flag Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Flag Flag Flag
Brookmere 108.3 240.5 Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg.
Spearing 236.8 Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Thalia 234.8 Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Manning 224.8 Reg. Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Tulameen 218.2 Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Reg. Both Both Flag

^a . Routing via Spences Bridge.


CP Train Timetables (Regular stop or Flag stop)
Mile 1915 1915 1916 1919 1929 1932 1935 1939 1943 1948 1954 1957 1960
[37] [37] [47] [48][49] [38] [50] [51] [52] [37] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58]
Merritt 39.8 Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg.
Glenwalker 49.2 Reg. Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Kingsvale 57.7 Reg. Reg. Flag Both Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Mons Jctn. 65.1 Reg.
Brodie 65.1 Reg. Flag Flag Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Flag
Brookmere 69.2 240.5 Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg.
Koyle 236.8 Flag
Spearing 236.8 Flag Flag
Canyon 234.8 Flag
Thalia 234.8 Flag Flag
Manning 224.8 Flag Flag
Tulameen 218.2 Reg. Reg. Flag Flag

^b . During December 1934–April 1935, the train terminated at Princeton.[59]


KV infrastructure and incidents for Brodie–Spearing
Mile
a		 Place Passenger Service Station Building Section House Section
Crew		 Storage Capacity Engine
House		 Track Ref.
Type Built Closed Comments Built Comments From To Water
Tank		 Coal
Chute		 Passing Other
The Brodie–Juliet table of the Coldwater River former railway trackage is the adjacent segment.
110.2 In 1932, an eastbound freight train collided head on with a westbound mixed train. [21]
109.5 Brook (KVR Pass) Creek: 14-metre (45 ft) timber pile trestle. Replaced by 5-metre (15 ft) one. [21]
109.4 Brook (KVR Pass) Creek: 18-metre (60 ft) timber pile trestle. Replaced by 5-metre (15 ft) one. [21]
108.6 Brookmere Jun 1915
to
Jan 1964		 Unspecified 1916. Rebuilt early 1917. c.1970 Fire destroyed Jan 1917.
Sold c.1970. Removed. Fire destroyed Feb 1986		 1919. Sold in 1968 and became residence. 1915 c.1969 91,000 litres; 24,000 US gallons (20,000 imp gal) enclosed tank. Rebuilt as 180,000 litres; 48,000 US gallons (40,000 imp gal) in 1945. Moved back. 73 tonnes (80 short tons) built in 1916. Replaced by 54 tonnes (60 short tons) in 1944. Demolished in Aug 1960. Three-stall built 1916. Replaced by four stall in 1944. Explosion destroyed in 1949. Rebuilt. Sold in 1970 and demolished. multiple [60]
In 1937, a convicted murderer in custody smashed a washroom window and plunged from a moving train at Brookmere. Sustaining slight injuries, he was soon recaptured and hanged at Oakalla Prison a few months later. [61]
In 1939, a fallen tree on the track derailed two locomotives. [62]
In 1949, a snowplow derailed. [63]
In 1961, a westbound CP Bud Car derailed. [64]
107.5 Otter creek: 30-metre (98 ft) timber frame trestle. Replaced by 27-metre (90 ft) one, then a fill and pipe. [5]
107.1 Otter creek: 30-metre (98 ft) timber frame trestle. Replaced by 27-metre (90 ft) one. [65]

^a . Mileages are 1942–1989 measured from the 1941 Penticton Station building.[66]


KV infrastructure and incidents for Spearing–Myren
Mile
a		 Place Passenger Service Station Building Section House Section
Crew		 Storage Capacity Engine
House		 Track Ref.
Type Built Closed Comments Built Comments From To Water
Tank		 Coal
Chute		 Passing Other
105.0 Spearingc Aug 1915
to
Jan 1964		 None N/A N/A N/A None N/A N/A N/A None None None Aug 1915 to
Apr 1965.
Length 914 metres (3,000 ft)		 [67]
104.5 In 1920, 12 loaded cars and a caboose ran away down the grade. 7 cars derailed killing most of cattle on board. The caboose and 5 cars stayed on the track and stopped just north of Otter Lake. [68]
103.0 Thaliad Aug 1915
to
Jan 1964		 None N/A N/A N/A c.1914 by VV&E.e Moved before 1953. Jun 1915 c.Apr 1952 None None None Aug 1915 to
Apr 1968.
Length 506 metres (1,661 ft)		 [69]
103.0 In early Oct 1914, the westward advance of the VV&E rail head from Princeton reached this point. [70]
102.7 Overpass of E. Fork Otter Creek and Aspen–Tulameen Rd: 62-metre (204 ft 6 in) timber frame trestle. Replaced by 61-metre (200 ft) timber pile trestle. Vandals burned in 1995. [70]
101.3 Cattle underpass: 14-metre (45 ft) timber frame trestle. Replaced by fill after 1930. [70]
101.3 In late Sep 1914, the westward advance of the VV&E rail head from Princeton reached this point. [70]
 99.5 Otter creek: 43-metre (140 ft) timber pile trestle. Replaced by fill in 1932. [70]
 99.1 Otter creek: 43-metre (140 ft) timber pile trestle. Replaced by fill in 1931. [70]
 98.1 Otter creek: 47-metre (154 ft) timber pile trestle. Replaced by 37-metre (120 ft) one. [70]
The Myren–Manning table of the Otter Creek former railway trackage is the adjacent segment.

^a . Mileages are 1942–1989 measured from the 1941 Penticton Station building.[66]
^b . Unless specified otherwise, infrastructure detail is c.1931.
^c . Renamed from Koyle in November 1915.[71] Gus Spearing, a civil war veteran, spent his final days trapping in the Otter Valley.[72]
^d . Renamed from Roberts to Canyon in November 1915[71] and to Thalia in January 1916. Roberts was an early settler and proprietor of the nearby Canyon House.[70] This well known roadhouse was about 100 metres (328 ft) west of the trestle on Coalmont Rd, the original Merritt–Princeton stage route.[65]
^e . Section house erected on the northeast side of the main line immediately northwest of the trestle crossing.[65]

Earlier community

[edit]

In 1915, the Betterton Fraser Land Co, owner of the Hastings Ranch, acquired the townsite, erected a sawmill, and installed a waterworks and electrical plant to supply the mill and residences.[73] That year, C.L. Betterton cut only sufficient lumber for his personal use. The next year, the mill began filling the large contracts,[74] and C.R. Betterton opened the Brookmere Hotel,[75] a temperance establishment.[76] The general store, likely established around this time,[77] was on the premises.[78] The post office existed 1916–1969.[79] The sawmill operated at least until late 1917.[80] In 1919, the Nicola Pine Mills, whose plant at Canford Mill was destroyed by fire, leased the 6,100 to 7,600 metres (20,000 to 25,000 ft) per day capacity Brookmere mill,[81] which produced rough lumber for the company's planing mill at Merritt.[82]

Brookmere Hotel, 1920

In 1920, the school opened.[83] In 1924, fire destroyed the Brookmere mill.[84]

In 1931, when a forest fire came within a mile, residents placed their possessions beside boxcars ready for evacuation, but a cloudburst and the efforts of all available men in the area halted the flames.[85] In 1935, fire consumed the two-storey hotel. On the ground floor were the store/post office, dining room, and kitchen.[86]

During the mid-1940s, the Geddes lumber mill operated.[87] Many Japanese Canadians from internment camps worked at the mill at the end of World War II, and for a short period, Japanese students made up a significant portion of the school population.[88] In 1946, the community hall opened.[89] On 33 properties owned by the Ryder Estate, tenants erected houses and paid land rental prior to World War II. In 1947, residents bought these lots in a tax sale.[90] In 1949, the school purchased a teacherage and rented an extra classroom.[91] About this time, the Brookmere population reached a peak of around 170,[92] before gradually reducing as diesels replaced steam locomotives.

In 1953, the Trans Mountain Pipeline built eight houses for workers at Brookmere, which had been selected as one of the construction bases along the pipeline route.[93] These fully serviced residences were arranged in a wide semicircle.[94] In 1954, the teacherage was wired for electricity.[95] In 1955, the school district acquired additional property,[96] commenced construction, and opened the new two-classroom prefabricated building.[97] That year, the teacherage was reroofed and the exterior painted.[98] By the late 1950s, a hardware store with an Esso gas bar also existed.[99]

Railway water tower, Brookmere, 2010

A National Forest Products mill operated in the early 1960s.[100] BC Hydro transmission lines reached the community in 1965.[101] The school closed in 1966[102][103] when the pipeline company moved out of Brookmere.[104] The next year, six company houses were sold and the buildings transported to Merrit.[105]

When the roof of the community hall collapsed in 1975, the vacant school building assumed this social role.[106]

By 1980, the permanent population was 11.[107] During that decade, a mix of retired people and self-employed artisans sustained the community,[108] and the permanent population rose to 27.[22] In 1988, the general store closed.[109]

In 1999, Barrie Sanford, author of several railway books, settled.[25]

Main roads

[edit]

In 1925, the Brookmere road opened westward from the Coalmont road, ending railway access only.[110][111][112]

In 1951, the province promised to extend the Kingsvale road the remaining 11 kilometres (7 mi) eastward to Brookmere.[113] When the pipeline company built the connection in 1953, the public were given access to this private road.[114] By 1956, the road along the east shore of the Coldwater River had been extended southward to Brookmere.[115]

In 1969, the province purchased the Kingsvale–Brookmere private road.[116]

In the 1980s, the Kingsvale–Brookmere road became an interchange on the Coquihalla Highway.[117] However, the former remained unpaved until the 2000s.[25]

Later community

[edit]

By the early 2000s, Brookmere was known as a gateway to the Thynne Mountain trails. The heritage trail was largely used by noisy and fast snowmobiles and ATVs.[118] In 2004, despite local opposition, the TNRD approved the Marshall Springs Resort project overlooking Brookmere.[119] The Nicola Valley Explorers Club (NVEC) maintained the Brookmere–old Coquihalla toll-booth leg of the rail trail.[120]

Comprising 178 partially serviced lots for log homes but lacking a central amenity, such as a lake, golf course or ski resort, the Marshall Springs project went into receivership in 2009.[121] Owed over $5.3 million and not a single property sale, the secured creditors were Coast Capital Savings for $4 million and Fisgard Capital Corp for $625,000. The unsecured creditors totalled $750,000.[122] Marked down to $3.5 million, the 36-hectare (90-acre) property sought a buyer,[123] but the final sales price is unknown.

In 2021, the Brookmere Property Owners Association Board requested that the former schoolhouse be donated to the association. Most of the 16 full time homeowners were over the age of 70. Recreational owners, who totalled 18, sometimes visited.[124] The TNRD issued an evacuation order when Brook Creek spilled its banks during the 2021 Pacific Northwest floods. The fast flowing water, silt, and debris, extensively damaged homes and outbuildings.[125]

Further reading

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brookmere.
  • "Brookmere". www michaelkluckner.com.
  • "Brookmere: The Early Railway Years". kettlevalleymodelrailway.blogspot.com. 12 Dec 2014.
  • "Brookmere: Plans for the Later Steam Years". kettlevalleymodelrailway.blogspot.com. 27 Dec 2014.
  • "Brookmere: Transition to the Diesel Years". kettlevalleymodelrailway.blogspot.com. 16 Jan 2015.

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Brookmere (locality)". BC Geographical Names.
  2. ^ "Brook Creek (creek)". BC Geographical Names.
  3. ^ "Nicola Valley News". www.library.ubc.ca. 3 Nov 1911. p. 3.
  4. ^ Sanford 2002, p. 136.
  5. ^ a b Smuin 2003, p. 2-47.
  6. ^ "Hedley Gazette". www.library.ubc.ca. 26 Dec 1912. p. 1.
  7. ^ Smuin 2003, p. 3-8.
  8. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 11 Mar 1981. p. A37.
  9. ^ "Nicola Valley News". www.library.ubc.ca. 1 Dec 1911. p. 4.
  10. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 30 Jul 1915. p. A3.
  11. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 7 Jul 1916. p. A1.
    "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 1 Sep 1916. p. A3.
  12. ^ Smuin 2003, p. 3-4.
  13. ^ Smuin 2003, p. 2-4.
  14. ^ "Daily News (Nelson)". library.ubc.ca. 28 Aug 1912. p. 8.
  15. ^ Ewert, Henry (Nov–Dec 2012). "Canadian Rail: The Third Main Line of The Great Northern Railway" (PDF). www.exporail.org. Canadian Railroad Historical Assn. p. 40 (268).
  16. ^ "Similkameen Star". library.ubc.ca. 14 May 1915. p. 1.
  17. ^ "Daily News (Nelson)". www.library.ubc.ca. 14 Dec 1915. p. 7.
  18. ^ "Similkameen Star". www.library.ubc.ca. 28 May 1915. p. 1.
  19. ^ a b c Cowan, John (Feb 2008). "Branchline: Working the Kettle Valley Railway - Princeton Sub" (PDF). bytownrailwaysociety.ca. Vol. 47, no. 2. Bytown Railway Society. pp. 6–8.
  20. ^ "BC Record". www.library.ubc.ca. 25 Aug 1916. p. 1.
  21. ^ a b c d Smuin 2003, p. 3-10.
  22. ^ a b c "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 15 Jul 1987. p. A18.
  23. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 2 Feb 1917. p. A3.
    "Ledge". www.library.ubc.ca. 8 Feb 1917. p. 1.
  24. ^ Smuin 2003, p. 3-35.
  25. ^ a b c "Merritt Herald". www.merrittherald.com. 29 Mar 2022.
  26. ^ a b "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 12 Mar 1986. pp. A14–A15.
  27. ^ Smuin 2003, p. 3-5.
  28. ^ Sanford 2002, p. 223.
  29. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 13 Apr 1945. p. A2.
  30. ^ Smuin 2003, p. 6-5.
  31. ^ "Aldergrove News". library.ubc.ca. 15 Jan 1964. p. 1.
  32. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 22 Jul 1987. p. A2.
  33. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 3 May 1989. p. A12.
    "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 29 Nov 1989. p. A7.
  34. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 31 Jul 1991. p. A15.
  35. ^ "Kamloops Daily News". arch.tnrl.ca. 14 Mar 2000. p. B2.
  36. ^ "Bulletin Board" (PDF). 7divpnr.org. 29 (4): 2. Jul–Aug 2015.
  37. ^ a b c d e f "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 28 Apr 1935. pp. 12, 13 (TT 70).
  38. ^ a b "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 5 Sep 1916. p. 160 (TT132).
  39. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 30 Nov 1919. p. 184 (TT125).
  40. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 1929. p. 31 (TT122).
  41. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 25 Sep 1932. p. 469 (TT151).
  42. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 5 Feb 1939. p. 126 (TT151).
  43. ^ "Timetable" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. 27 Jun 1943. p. 46 (TT151).
  44. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 5 Dec 1948. p. 45 (TT151).
  45. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 25 Apr 1954. p. 43 (TT121).
  46. ^ "Timetable". pre.timetableworld.com. 25 Oct 1959. p. 43 (TT121).
  47. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 27 Jun 1915. p. 137 (TT124.5).
  48. ^ Timetable 29 Aug 1915
  49. ^ Smuin 2003, p. inside cover.
  50. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 30 Nov 1919. p. 184 (TT124).
  51. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 1929. p. 31 (TT123).
  52. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 25 Sep 1932. p. 470 (TT154).
  53. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 5 Feb 1939. p. 127 (TT154).
  54. ^ "Timetable" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. 27 Jun 1943. p. 47 (TT154).
  55. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 5 Dec 1948. p. 45 (TT154).
  56. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 25 Apr 1954. p. 45 (TT131).
  57. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 28 Apr 1957. p. 44 (TT131).
  58. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 30 Oct 1960. p. 25 (TT40).
  59. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 30 Nov 1934. p. A1.
  60. ^ Smuin 2003, pp. 3-8–3-10.
  61. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 28 May 1937. p. A1.
  62. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 22 Dec 1939. p. A1.
  63. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 18 Feb 1949. p. A1.
  64. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 11 Sep 1963. p. A5.
  65. ^ a b c Smuin 2003, p. 2-46.
  66. ^ a b Smuin 2003, p. 2-6.
  67. ^ Smuin 2003, pp. 2-46–2-47.
  68. ^ Sanford 2002, p. 207.
  69. ^ Smuin 2003, pp. 2-45–2-46.
  70. ^ a b c d e f g h Smuin 2003, p. 2-45.
  71. ^ a b "Daily News (Nelson)". library.ubc.ca. 18 Nov 1915. p. 5.
  72. ^ Langford, Dan (2002). Cycling the Kettle Valley Railway (third ed.). Rocky Mountain Books. p. 140. ISBN 0-921102-88-7.
  73. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 27 Aug 1915. p. A1.
  74. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 24 Mar 1916. p. A1.
  75. ^ "Nicola Valley News". www.library.ubc.ca. 25 Aug 1916. p. 1.
  76. ^ "Nicola Valley News". www.library.ubc.ca. 21 Jul 1916. p. 2.
  77. ^ "1918 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  78. ^ "Ledge". www.library.ubc.ca. 2 Aug 1923. p. 1.
  79. ^ "Postmasters". www.bac-lac.gc.ca. 25 November 2016.
  80. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 5 Oct 1917. p. A3.
  81. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 20 Jun 1919. p. A1.
    "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 25 Jul 1919. p. A1.
  82. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 8 Aug 1919. p. A3.
    "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 3 Oct 1919. p. A5.
  83. ^ Public Schools annual report, 1920–21. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. F74.
  84. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 27 May 1954. p. A2.
  85. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 12 Aug 2009. p. A12.
  86. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 5 Apr 1935. p. A1.
  87. ^ "Similkameen Star". library.ubc.ca. 21 Dec 1944. p. 1.
    "Similkameen Star". library.ubc.ca. 4 Jul 1946. p. 4.
  88. ^ "Nishimura Family Internment Experience and Return to Vancouver". discovernikkei.org. 22 Apr 2015.
  89. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 7 Jun 1946. p. A1.
  90. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 24 Oct 1947. p. A2.
  91. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 18 Nov 1949. p. A1.
  92. ^ "1948 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  93. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 21 May 1953. p. A5.
  94. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 22 Sep 1955. p. A5.
  95. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 6 May 1954. p. A1.
  96. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 3 Mar 1955. p. A1.
  97. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 8 Sep 1955. p. A1.
  98. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 15 Sep 1955. p. A1.
  99. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 25 Sep 1958. p. A7.
  100. ^ "Kamloops Daily Sentinel". arch.tnrl.ca. 28 Apr 1961. p. A13.
  101. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 5 Jan 1966. p. A8.
  102. ^ Public Schools annual report, 1965–66. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. F140.
  103. ^ "Kamloops Daily Sentinel". arch.tnrl.ca. 16 Jul 1966. p. A2.
  104. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 13 Oct 1967. p. A13.
  105. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 15 Nov 1967. p. A7.
  106. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 19 Mar 1975. p. A20.
  107. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 23 Jul 1980. p. A14.
  108. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 11 Jul 1984. p. A3.
  109. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 13 Jul 1988. p. A23.
  110. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 11 Sep 1925. p. A1.
  111. ^ "Official motorist's guide of British Columbia". library.ubc.ca. 1931. p. 48 (Map 20).
  112. ^ "Standard Oil BC map". www.davidrumsey.com. 1937.
  113. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 24 Aug 1951. p. A1.
  114. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 29 Oct 1953. p. A1.
  115. ^ "Shell BC map". www.davidrumsey.com. 1956.
  116. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 26 Mar 1969. p. A7.
  117. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 14 May 1986. p. A37.
  118. ^ "Kamloops Daily News". arch.tnrl.ca. 27 Nov 2004. pp. A1, A2.
  119. ^ "Kamloops Daily News". arch.tnrl.ca. 3 Dec 2004. p. A1.
  120. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 28 Jan 2009. p. A10.
  121. ^ "Kamloops Daily News". arch.tnrl.ca. 3 Jun 2009. p. A1.
  122. ^ "Kamloops Daily News". arch.tnrl.ca. 28 Nov 2009. p. A4.
  123. ^ "Marshall Springs". www.luxuryhomes.com.
  124. ^ "Brookmere Schoolhouse and Property" (PDF). www.sd58.bc.ca. 2021. pp. 7, 10.
  125. ^ "Merritt Herald". www.merrittherald.com. 16 Dec 2021.

References

[edit]
  • Sanford, Barrie (2002). McCulloch's Wonder. Whitecap. ISBN 1-55285-402-7.
  • Smuin, Joe (2003). Kettle Valley Railway Mileboards. North Kildonan Publications. ISBN 0-9696971-2-0.
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