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Moldovan Air Force

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Moldovan Air Force
Forțele Aeriene ale Republicii Moldova
Armed forces emblem
Founded1991; 33 years ago (1991)
Country Moldova
TypeAir force
RoleAerial warfare
Size710 personnel (2019)
Part ofMoldovan National Army
Engagements
Commanders
Commander-in-ChiefMaia Sandu (President of Moldova)
Insignia
Roundel
Aircraft flown
HelicopterMil Mi-8
TransportAntonov An-26, Antonov An-2

The Moldovan Air Force (Romanian: Forțele Aeriene ale Republicii Moldova), known officially as Air Forces Command is the national air force of Moldova. It was formed following Moldova's independence from the Soviet Union in August 1991 and is part of the National Army of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Moldova.

Timeline

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Air Force personnel on parade.

On 18 March 1992, the 275th Guards Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade at Chișinău of the Soviet 60th Air Defense Corps, equipped with Surface-to-air missiles, became part of the Moldovan Air Force. Elements of the brigade served as air defense units in the Transnistria War.[1]

In April 1992, the Moldovan Air Force inherited the Mikoyan MiG-29-equipped 86th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment at Mărculești Air Force Base from the Air Forces of the Black Sea Fleet.[2] Most of the regiment's non-Moldovan personnel, including all of its pilots and its commander, departed for their home countries after its transfer.[3] These were replaced by Moldovan personnel returning from service in the Soviet Armed Forces, among whom there were not many pilots, and even fewer pilots could fly MiG-29s. During the Transnistria War, on 22 June 1992, a flight of two MiG-29s bombed a bridge across the Dniester, connecting Bender and Parcani. None of the bombs directly hit the bridge, although the 14th Guards Army claimed that the bombs had caused civilian casualties and that their anti-aircraft fire downed one of the fighters. Moldova denied the loss, and Moldovan Air Force records show that all of the MiG-29s returned to the base after the mission.[4]

On 3 September 1993, the 275th Brigade was reorganized into the Dimitrie Cantemir Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade.[1]

In 1994 the Air Force consisted of 1,300 men organized into one fighter regiment, 1 helicopter squadron, and 1 missile brigade. They had 31 MiG-29 aircraft, 8 Mi-8 helicopters, 5 transport aircraft (including an Antonov An-72), and 25 SA-3/SA-5 Gammon surface-to-air missiles.[5]

On 23 December 1999, the mixed aviation brigade formed from the 86th Regiment in the late 1990s was reorganized into the Decebal Air Base.[2][4]

In 2002 the Air Force consisted of 1,400 men.[6]

In 2006, Yemeni government reported it was ready to return its MiG-29s back to Moldova, from it acquired the aircraft back in 1994, as a exchange for the money paid and recognition of illegality of the deal.[7]

In 2007 the Air Force had been reduced to a strength of 1,040 men organized into one helicopter squadron, and one missile battalion. They had six MiG-29S aircraft, upgraded in Ukraine and stationed in Mărculeşti Air Base, 8 Mi-8 helicopters, 5 transport aircraft (including an Antonov An-72), and 12 SA-3 surface-to-air missile.[citation needed]

In March 2010, the Moldovan Air Force signed an agreement with the Romanian Air Force regarding the exchange of information about military aircraft flights near the border, the exchange of radar data, the obligation to provide mutual support to military aircraft in distress and future joint operations.[8] By 2011, the Dimitrie Cantemir Brigade had become a regiment.[9]

In December 2010, Moldovan Defence Ministry announced it will auction its remaining six MiG-29s for an initial price 8.5$ million as the previous auction carried out in November failed due to the lack of purchasers.[10] As of 2022, the aircraft still have not been sold.

In February 2012, it was reported by Moldovan Defense Ministry eight planes and eight military transport helicopters will be purchased at the cost of US$240 million.[11]

During the first days of 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ukraine intended to buy Moldova's remaining six MiG-29Ss for the Ukrainian Air Force, however Moldova rejected the offer as it did not wish to undermine its relations with Russia.[12][13]

Structure

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Aircraft

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See also: List of equipment of the Moldovan Armed Forces § Air Force

Current inventory

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Moldovan Mi-8PS for VIP transport (former Nicolae Ceaușescu helicopter).
Aircraft Origin Type Variant In service Notes
Transport
Antonov An-2 Soviet Union Transport 2[15]
Antonov An-26 Soviet Union Transport 1[16]
Helicopters
Mil Mi-2 Soviet Union Transport / Utility 1[16]
Mil Mi-8 Soviet Union Transport / Utility 1[16]

Withdrawn from service

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Moldova received approximately 34 MiG-29’s from the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, proving too expensive to maintain, they were sold off to Eritrea, Yemen, and the United States.[17] Other unserviceable aircraft to be placed in storage consisted of the An-2, Tu-134, and some An-24’s.[18]

MiG-29

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Under an agreement finalized on 10 October 1997, the United States acquired 14 MiG-29Cs, described by US officials as wired to permit delivery of nuclear weapons. Also, the United States purchased six MiG-29As, one MiG-29B, 500 air-to-air missiles and all the spare parts and diagnostic equipment present at the Moldovan Air Base where the aircraft were stationed. In return, Moldova received around $40,000,000, humanitarian assistance and non-lethal excess defense articles, such as trucks.[19] The purchase was not without its opponents in Moldova, and the then acting defense minister, Valeriu Pasat would later be charged for illegally selling the aircraft to the USA.[20] All of those MiG-29s were transported from Moldova to the National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio in C-17 transport planes over a period of two weeks.[21]

In April 2022, some of the ex-Moldovan MiG-29s, bought by US in 1997, were reportedly donated to Ukrainian Air Force as a source of spare parts to compensate its fighter losses during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[22]

PZL-104 Wilga

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In 1990s and the early 2000s Moldovan Air Force had up to 6 PZL-104 Wilga 35s in service. Their origin is unknown probably being former DOSAAF aircraft pushed into air force service. It is not known when precisely they were withdrawn from service but it is likely that they were withdrawn during the 2007 air force reorganistation as there were previously problems with maintaining these aircraft, with up to 4 of the 6 aircraft being grounded at a time.[23]

Moldovan MiG-29s on display

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Moldovan MiG-29UB trainer (1997).

Accidents and combat losses

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27th May 2005 Moldovan Air Force PZL-104 Wilga 35 crashed while practising for a display planned for the following day killing four in total.[23]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Admin. "275-я гвардейская зенитная ракетная бригада (в/ч 34403)". 8oapvo.net (in Russian). Archived from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  2. ^ a b Vad777. "Вооруженные силы Молдовы" [Armed Forces of Moldova] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Pavlov, Anton (15 August 2014). "86 гвардейский Краснознаменный истребительный ордена Суворова III степени Борисовский авиационный полк" [86th Guards Red Banner Borisov Order of Suvorov 3rd Class Fighter Aviation Regiment]. airforce.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  4. ^ a b Pavlov, Anton (10 September 2015). "Авиационная база "Дечебал"" [Decebal Air Base]. airforce.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  5. ^ "Moldova – The Armed Forces". country-data.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
  6. ^ "Show Indicator Information". Archived from the original on 1 September 2006. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
  7. ^ "Yemen ready to return MiG-29 fighters to Moldova". defencetalk.com. 30 June 2006.
  8. ^ "Protocol de colaborare între forţele aeriene militare ale României şi ale R. Moldova". Mediafax.ro. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  9. ^ "Teren de joacă pentru copiii militarilor moldoveni". www.army.md (in Romanian). Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  10. ^ "Moldova Failed to Sell 6 MiG-29 Fighters". oreanda.ru. 3 December 2010.
  11. ^ "Defense Ministry to buy eight planes and eight military helicopters", allmoldova, 17 February 2012. Retrieved: 17 February 2012 Archived 28 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Молдова відмовилася продавати Україні свої винищувачі – джерела". eurointegration.com.ua. 17 April 2022.
  13. ^ "Moldova got scared to sell Ukraine the MiG-29s". mil.in.ua. 18 April 2022.
  14. ^ "Ministry of Defense of Republic of Moldova".
  15. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2024). The military balance 2024. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. 190. ISBN 9781032780047.
  16. ^ a b c Hoyle, Craig (2023). "World Air Forces 2024". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  17. ^ "Exposed: America Purchased 21 Lethal Russian Mig-29 Fighters". 13 February 2018. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  18. ^ "World Air Forces 2004 pg. 75". flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  19. ^ "U.S. Buys Moldovan Aircraft to Prevent Acquisition by Iran – Arms Control Association". armscontrol.org. Archived from the original on 10 January 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
  20. ^ John Pike. "Moldova – Air Forces Command". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  21. ^ "DoD News Briefing: Cooperative Threat Reduction Initiative". DefenseLink. 4 November 1997. Archived from the original on 2 October 2006. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  22. ^ "U.S. to send MiG-29 aircraft to Ukraine, but as a source of spare parts". aviacionline.com. 19 April 2022.
  23. ^ a b "Accident PZL-104 Wilga 35". asn.flightsafety.org. 21 June 2010.
  24. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 23 September 2002. Retrieved 29 June 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  25. ^ "The Truth About the MiG-29". airspacemag.com. Archived from the original on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  26. ^ "Nellis Air Force Base Threat Training Facility Aircraft". richard-seaman.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2007. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
  27. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 June 2007. Retrieved 29 June 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  28. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 June 2007. Retrieved 29 June 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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